What Cleans a Professional Photograph Safely?

The preservation of photographic prints, often entrusted to institutions like the Library of Congress, hinges significantly on understanding what cleans a professional photograph without causing irreparable damage. Improper cleaning techniques can lead to the degradation of the image layer, an issue frequently discussed by conservators such as Henry Wilhelm, a noted expert in photographic preservation. A gentle, lint-free microfiber cloth serves as one essential tool in this delicate process; this material choice minimizes the risk of scratching or further embedding particles into the print’s surface. Furthermore, the selection of appropriate cleaning agents is critical, and distilled water often provides a safe starting point for removing surface-level contaminants.

The Delicate Art of Photograph Cleaning

Cleaning photographs is a pursuit driven by the desire to preserve history and cherished memories. However, it’s an undertaking that demands both respect and caution. Photographs, often irreplaceable artifacts, require a gentle approach, recognizing that any intervention carries inherent risks. This introduction explores the importance of cleaning photographs responsibly, setting the stage for a process rooted in informed decision-making and meticulous execution.

Why Cleaning Photographs Matters: Preserving History and Memories

Photographs are more than just images; they are tangible links to our past. They encapsulate moments in time, preserving personal narratives, family histories, and even broader cultural legacies.

The deterioration of photographs means the gradual loss of these invaluable records. Cleaning, when done correctly, can halt or slow this decay, allowing future generations to connect with the past. It’s an act of stewardship, ensuring that these visual stories endure.

Archival Quality: Defining the Goal of Long-Term Preservation

"Archival quality" refers to the standards and practices aimed at maximizing the lifespan of photographs. It involves using materials and techniques that minimize chemical reactions and physical damage over extended periods.

Achieving archival quality is the overarching goal of any photograph cleaning endeavor. This means prioritizing gentle, non-destructive methods and using only archival-safe supplies. It also requires understanding the specific needs of different photographic materials.

Risk Assessment: A Critical First Step

Before attempting to clean any photograph, a thorough risk assessment is paramount. This involves carefully examining the photograph’s condition, identifying areas of concern (such as tears, mold, or flaking emulsion), and evaluating the potential impact of any cleaning intervention.

Ask yourself: Is the photograph stable enough to withstand cleaning? Could the process cause further damage? Are you equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge to proceed safely? If there is doubt, proceeding may be unwise.

Consider the photograph’s value, both sentimental and monetary, against the potential risks involved. This balanced perspective will guide your decision-making process.

Disclaimer: When to Defer to Professionals

While this guide aims to equip you with the knowledge and skills for basic photograph cleaning, it’s essential to recognize the limitations of DIY methods. Severely damaged, fragile, or irreplaceable photographs often require the expertise of a professional photo conservator.

Signs that professional help is needed include: significant tears or cracks, mold growth, chemical stains, flaking or peeling emulsion, and photographs of high sentimental or historical value.

Photo conservators possess specialized training, tools, and materials to address complex conservation challenges safely and effectively. Seeking their assistance is an investment in the long-term preservation of your most precious photographs. They can provide treatments that are beyond the scope of home cleaning methods, ensuring that these valuable artifacts are preserved for generations to come.

Understanding Photographic Materials and Deterioration

Before embarking on any photograph cleaning endeavor, it is crucial to understand the fundamental materials that comprise a photograph and the factors that contribute to their deterioration. This knowledge is not merely academic; it is the bedrock upon which responsible cleaning practices are built. Attempting to clean a photograph without this understanding is akin to performing surgery without knowing anatomy – potentially disastrous.

This section provides a foundational understanding of photographic composition, common causes of degradation, and methods for identifying photograph types. This groundwork ensures that any cleaning efforts are tailored to the specific needs and vulnerabilities of each individual image.

The Anatomy of a Photograph: Emulsion and Support Layers

At its core, a photograph consists of two primary components: the emulsion and the support layer. The emulsion is the light-sensitive coating that forms the image itself. It typically contains silver halide crystals (in black and white photography) or dyes (in color photography) suspended in a gelatin binder.

This delicate emulsion layer is responsible for capturing and rendering the visual information we see in the photograph. Below this layer is the support material, which provides physical structure and stability. This support can be made of various materials, including paper, glass, metal, or plastic, each with its own unique properties and vulnerabilities.

Understanding the interaction between these layers is crucial. The emulsion, being the image-bearing layer, is often the most susceptible to damage during cleaning. The support layer, while providing structural integrity, can also contribute to deterioration if it is acidic or unstable.

Common Causes of Deterioration: Identifying Threats to Your Photographs

Photographs, though seemingly static objects, are in a constant state of interaction with their environment. This interaction can lead to a variety of forms of deterioration, diminishing their quality and potentially leading to their complete loss. Recognizing these threats is the first step in mitigating their impact.

Environmental Factors: Humidity, Temperature Fluctuations, and Light Exposure

Environmental factors are among the most pervasive threats to photographs. Humidity, in particular, is a significant concern. High humidity levels can promote mold growth and cause the emulsion layer to soften and become sticky, making it vulnerable to damage.

Conversely, low humidity can cause the support layer to become brittle and crack. Temperature fluctuations exacerbate these effects, causing the different layers of the photograph to expand and contract at different rates, leading to warping and cracking.

Finally, light exposure, especially ultraviolet (UV) light, can cause fading and discoloration of the image. This is particularly problematic for color photographs, where dyes are more susceptible to light damage.

Pests and Mold: The Threat of Foxing and Biological Damage

Biological threats, such as pests and mold, can inflict significant damage on photographs. Insects like silverfish and cockroaches can feed on the gelatin in the emulsion layer, causing irreparable damage to the image. Mold growth, often appearing as foxing (small brown spots), can also degrade the emulsion and stain the support layer.

These biological agents thrive in humid environments, underscoring the importance of maintaining proper environmental controls in storage areas.

Physical Damage: Scratches, Tears, and Fingerprints

Physical damage, ranging from minor scratches to significant tears, is another common cause of deterioration. Scratches can occur during handling or storage, particularly if photographs are not properly protected. Tears can result from rough handling or improper storage conditions.

Fingerprints, while seemingly innocuous, can leave behind oils and acids that can damage the emulsion over time. Proper handling techniques, such as wearing gloves and avoiding touching the image surface, are essential for preventing physical damage.

Identifying Your Photograph Type: A Crucial Step Before Cleaning

Different types of photographs require different cleaning approaches. Attempting to clean an albumen print with the same methods used for a digital print could lead to irreversible damage. Therefore, identifying the photograph type is a critical step before any cleaning is attempted.

Black and White Prints (Gelatin Silver, Albumen, etc.)

Gelatin silver prints are one of the most common types of black and white photographs. They typically have a glossy or semi-glossy surface and a silver image embedded in a gelatin emulsion. Albumen prints, popular in the 19th century, have a characteristic yellowish tone and a very delicate surface.

These prints often require very gentle cleaning methods due to the fragility of the albumen layer.

Color Prints (Chromogenic, Dye Transfer, etc.)

Chromogenic prints are the most common type of color photograph. They are produced through a chemical process that uses dyes to create the image. Dye transfer prints, a more archival process, are less common but offer superior color stability.

Color prints are particularly susceptible to fading and discoloration from light exposure. Therefore, cleaning and storage methods should prioritize minimizing light exposure.

Digital Prints

Digital prints are created using inkjet or laser printers. They typically have a matte or semi-gloss finish. Digital prints are generally more durable than traditional photographic prints, but they are still susceptible to damage from moisture and abrasion.

However, it’s important to note that even though modern prints are more durable, they are not immune to damage, so caution is still advised.

In conclusion, a thorough understanding of photographic materials and deterioration is paramount before attempting any cleaning. By recognizing the anatomy of a photograph, identifying potential threats, and accurately determining the photograph type, you can make informed decisions that prioritize the long-term preservation of these invaluable artifacts.

Essential Tools and Materials for Photograph Cleaning

Successfully cleaning photographs hinges not only on technique but also on the tools and materials employed. Choosing the right supplies is paramount to ensuring the photograph’s safety and preventing further damage. This section provides a detailed overview of essential tools and materials, emphasizing the importance of archival-safe, high-quality options. Using inferior products can cause irreparable harm.

Creating a Safe Workspace: The Foundation for Careful Cleaning

Before you even consider touching a photograph, creating a safe and controlled workspace is absolutely essential. This dedicated area will serve as your cleaning sanctuary, protecting the photograph from potential hazards and providing a stable environment for meticulous work.

Choose a flat, stable surface that is large enough to comfortably accommodate the photograph and your cleaning supplies. Cover the surface with a clean, lint-free material, such as acid-free paper or a padded archival mat. This provides a cushioning effect and prevents scratches or abrasions on the photograph’s surface.

Ensure adequate lighting, preferably natural or diffused artificial light, to clearly see the photograph’s surface and any imperfections. Avoid direct sunlight, as it can accelerate fading and damage. A well-organized workspace minimizes the risk of accidental spills or mishandling.

Basic Cleaning Supplies: A Curated List for Gentle Treatment

These supplies form the core of any photograph cleaning kit. Each item serves a specific purpose, and using them correctly is key to success.

Microfiber Cloths: The Gentle Choice for Surface Cleaning

Microfiber cloths are invaluable for removing surface dust and debris. Their ultra-fine fibers gently lift particles without scratching the delicate emulsion layer.

Choose cloths specifically designed for cleaning delicate surfaces. Avoid cloths with loose weaves or abrasive textures. Always use a clean microfiber cloth for each cleaning session to prevent reintroducing dirt or contaminants.

Soft Brushes: Dust Removal Without Abrasions

Soft-bristled brushes are perfect for dislodging dust from intricate areas or textured surfaces. Opt for brushes with natural bristles, such as sable or squirrel hair, as they are less likely to scratch.

Avoid brushes with stiff or synthetic bristles, as these can cause damage. Use gentle, sweeping motions to remove dust.

Canned Air (Dust Removal): For Removing Loose Debris

Canned air can be used to blow away loose dust and debris from the photograph’s surface. Use canned air sparingly and with caution. Hold the can upright and at a distance to prevent liquid propellant from spraying onto the photograph.

Avoid using canned air on photographs with loose or flaking emulsion, as it can exacerbate the damage.

Cotton Swabs (lint-free): Precision Cleaning for Small Areas

Lint-free cotton swabs are essential for targeted cleaning of small areas or stubborn spots. Ensure the swabs are truly lint-free to avoid leaving behind fibers on the photograph’s surface.

Use gentle, rolling motions to clean the affected area. Avoid excessive pressure or rubbing.

Distilled Water: The Foundation of Gentle Cleaning

Distilled water is a fundamental cleaning agent, free from minerals and impurities that can damage photographs. Always use distilled water, not tap water, for any cleaning solution.

Distilled water can be used to dampen cotton swabs or microfiber cloths for gentle surface cleaning.

Photographic Cleaning Solutions: Use Specifically Formulated Solutions

When water alone is insufficient, photographic cleaning solutions offer a more potent cleaning action. However, it is crucial to use only solutions specifically formulated for photograph cleaning.

These solutions are designed to be gentle and non-damaging to photographic emulsions. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully and test the solution on a small, inconspicuous area before applying it to the entire photograph.

Advanced Tools: Proceed with Extreme Caution

These tools should only be used by experienced individuals or under the guidance of a professional conservator. Incorrect use can cause irreversible damage.

Specific Photographic Cleaning Solutions (e.g., Pec-12): When and How to Use with Care

Pec-12 is a solvent-based cleaning solution designed to remove stubborn stains and fingerprints from photographs. It is a powerful cleaner and should only be used as a last resort.

Always wear gloves and work in a well-ventilated area when using Pec-12. Apply the solution sparingly with a lint-free cotton swab, and gently blot the affected area.

Magnifying Glass/Loupe: Examining the Photograph’s Surface

A magnifying glass or loupe is invaluable for examining the photograph’s surface in detail. It allows you to identify areas of concern, such as scratches, cracks, or mold growth, that may not be visible to the naked eye.

Use a magnifying glass with adequate magnification and good lighting to ensure a clear view of the photograph’s surface. This helps you assess the photograph’s condition and determine the appropriate cleaning method.

Environmental Control: Maintaining a Stable Environment

Creating a stable environment is crucial for the long-term preservation of photographs. Fluctuations in temperature and humidity can accelerate deterioration.

Humidifiers/Dehumidifiers: Maintaining a Stable Environment

Humidifiers and dehumidifiers can help maintain optimal humidity levels in your storage and work areas. Ideal humidity levels for photograph storage are typically between 30% and 50%.

Monitor humidity levels regularly with a hygrometer and adjust your humidifier or dehumidifier accordingly. Maintaining a stable environment minimizes the risk of mold growth, warping, and cracking.

The Cleaning Process: A Step-by-Step Guide

With the right tools and a thorough understanding of photographic materials, you can carefully clean your photographs to enhance their appearance and ensure their longevity. However, remember that patience and a delicate touch are paramount.

This section provides a step-by-step guide to the cleaning process, emphasizing gentle techniques and the importance of testing before applying any cleaning method to the entire photograph. Proceed with caution, and always prioritize preservation over achieving a pristine result.

Step 1: Preliminary Examination and Documentation

Before you even think about cleaning, a meticulous examination of the photograph is absolutely essential. This initial assessment serves as the foundation for a successful and safe cleaning process.

Documenting the Photograph’s Condition

Document the photograph’s condition thoroughly before any cleaning begins. This includes taking high-resolution photographs of the front and back of the image, noting any existing damage, such as scratches, tears, stains, or mold growth.

These images and notes will serve as a baseline for comparison after cleaning, helping you to assess the effectiveness of your efforts and identify any unintended consequences. Detailed documentation will also be invaluable should you ever need to consult with a professional conservator.

Identifying Areas of Concern and Potential Risks

Carefully examine the photograph under magnification to identify specific areas of concern. Look for loose emulsion, flaking paint, or other signs of instability.

Note any potential risks associated with cleaning these areas, such as the possibility of further damage or loss of detail. This careful assessment will inform your cleaning strategy and help you avoid causing irreparable harm.

Step 2: Gentle Surface Cleaning (Dry Methods)

The first line of defense against dirt and dust is a gentle dry cleaning. This method aims to remove loose particles without introducing moisture or harsh chemicals.

Using Canned Air (Dust Removal): Removing Loose Particles

Canned air can be useful for removing loose dust and debris from the photograph’s surface. Hold the can upright and at a distance of at least 6 inches from the photograph.

Use short bursts of air to avoid forcing particles deeper into the emulsion or causing damage. Avoid using canned air on photographs with loose or flaking emulsion, as this can exacerbate the damage.

Soft Brushes: Gentle Dusting Techniques

A soft-bristled brush is ideal for gently removing dust from the photograph’s surface. Use a brush with natural bristles, such as sable or squirrel hair, as these are less likely to scratch.

Hold the photograph at a slight angle and use gentle, sweeping motions to brush away the dust. Work from the center of the photograph outwards, and avoid applying excessive pressure.

Microfiber Cloths: Wiping the Surface with Caution

A clean, lint-free microfiber cloth can be used to gently wipe the surface of the photograph. Ensure the cloth is clean and free from any abrasive particles.

Fold the cloth into a small pad and use light, circular motions to wipe the surface. Avoid rubbing the photograph aggressively, as this can damage the emulsion. Inspect the cloth frequently and replace it with a clean section as needed.

Step 3: Spot Cleaning (Use with Extreme Caution and Only When Necessary)

Spot cleaning should only be undertaken when dry methods have failed to remove stubborn stains or fingerprints. This technique involves the use of solvents and requires extreme caution.

Cotton Swabs (lint-free): Targeted Cleaning of Small Areas

Lint-free cotton swabs are essential for targeted cleaning of small areas. Ensure the swabs are truly lint-free to avoid leaving behind fibers on the photograph’s surface.

Use gentle, rolling motions to clean the affected area. Avoid excessive pressure or rubbing.

Photographic Cleaning Solutions: Dilution and Application Techniques

If water alone is insufficient, carefully selected photographic cleaning solutions can be used to address specific stains.

Always Dilute Cleaning Solutions with Distilled Water as Directed

Always dilute cleaning solutions with distilled water according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Using undiluted solutions can damage the photograph’s emulsion.

Apply with a Cotton Swab (lint-free), Using a Gentle Rolling Motion

Apply the diluted solution sparingly with a lint-free cotton swab. Use a gentle rolling motion to lift the stain, avoiding excessive rubbing.

Testing: Stress the Need to Test Any Cleaning Method

Before applying any cleaning solution to the entire photograph, test it on a small, inconspicuous area. This will help you assess the solution’s effectiveness and identify any potential damage it may cause.

Apply a small amount of the diluted solution to the test area and wait several minutes. Examine the area under magnification to check for any changes in color, texture, or surface appearance. If any damage is observed, do not use the solution on the photograph.

Step 4: Drying and Post-Cleaning Examination

Once you have completed the cleaning process, proper drying and a thorough post-cleaning examination are crucial to ensure the photograph’s stability.

Allow the Photograph to Air Dry Completely on a Clean Work Surface

Place the photograph on a clean, lint-free surface and allow it to air dry completely. Avoid using heat or direct sunlight, as these can damage the photograph’s emulsion.

Drying time will vary depending on the humidity and temperature, but it is generally best to allow the photograph to dry overnight.

Examine the Photograph Under Magnification to Assess the Results

After the photograph is completely dry, examine it under magnification to assess the results of your cleaning efforts. Look for any remaining stains, streaks, or other imperfections.

Compare the post-cleaning condition to your initial documentation to ensure that no unintended damage has occurred. If you are not satisfied with the results or if you notice any new damage, consult with a professional conservator.

Long-Term Preservation: Protecting Your Cleaned Photographs

Cleaning your photographs is only half the battle. The effort you put into carefully cleaning your cherished images will be futile if you don’t implement robust long-term preservation strategies. This section will guide you through the essential steps to ensure your cleaned photographs remain in optimal condition for generations to come. Remember that preventative care is often more effective than reactive cleaning.

Proper Storage: Creating a Safe Environment

The environment in which you store your photographs has a profound impact on their longevity. Proper storage minimizes exposure to damaging elements and provides physical protection against scratches, dust, and pests. Investing in the right storage materials and techniques is paramount for safeguarding your photographic heritage.

Photo Albums/Archival Sleeves/Boxes: Choosing Acid-Free Materials

The materials used to store your photographs can either accelerate or mitigate deterioration. Acid-free materials are crucial because acids can migrate from the storage enclosure into the photograph, causing discoloration, embrittlement, and ultimately, disintegration.

Choose photo albums, sleeves, and boxes that are specifically labeled as "archival quality" or "acid-free." These materials are made from chemically stable substances that will not harm your photographs over time. Polypropylene, polyethylene, and buffered paper are examples of safe materials often used in archival storage. Avoid PVC plastics, as they can release harmful chemicals as they degrade.

When using albums, opt for those with polypropylene or polyethylene sleeves. These sleeves provide a physical barrier against dust and fingerprints while allowing you to view the photographs without directly handling them.

For loose photographs, consider storing them in archival-quality boxes with individual acid-free sleeves or folders. This method provides maximum protection and allows for easy organization and retrieval. Ensure the boxes are stored flat to prevent warping or bending of the photographs.

Environmental Control: Maintaining Optimal Conditions

Beyond the storage materials themselves, the surrounding environment plays a critical role in photograph preservation. Fluctuations in temperature and humidity, as well as exposure to light, can all contribute to the deterioration of photographic materials. Maintaining stable and controlled conditions is essential for slowing down the aging process.

Temperature and Humidity Guidelines

Ideal storage conditions for photographs involve cool temperatures and moderate humidity. High temperatures accelerate chemical reactions that lead to deterioration, while high humidity promotes mold growth and other forms of biological damage. Excessively low humidity, on the other hand, can cause photographs to become brittle and crack.

Aim to maintain a temperature between 65-70°F (18-21°C) and a relative humidity between 30-50%. Use a calibrated hygrometer to monitor the humidity levels in your storage area and a thermometer to monitor the temperature.

Avoid storing photographs in attics, basements, or garages, as these areas are typically subject to extreme temperature and humidity fluctuations. Instead, choose a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area that is not prone to leaks or flooding.

Light Exposure: Minimizing Fading and Damage

Light, particularly ultraviolet (UV) light, is a major cause of fading and discoloration in photographs. Prolonged exposure to light can break down the chemical bonds in the dyes and pigments that make up the image, resulting in irreversible damage.

Store photographs in dark areas whenever possible. If you wish to display your photographs, use UV-filtering glass or acrylic in frames to block harmful rays. Avoid displaying photographs in direct sunlight or under bright artificial lights.

Consider making high-quality digital copies of your photographs for display purposes. This will allow you to enjoy your images without exposing the originals to damaging light.

Preventative Conservation: Implementing Proactive Measures

Preventative conservation involves taking proactive steps to minimize the risk of damage or deterioration. This includes proper handling techniques, regular inspections, and prompt addressing of any potential problems.

Always handle photographs with clean, dry hands. Oils and dirt from your skin can transfer to the photograph’s surface, causing stains and attracting pests. Consider wearing cotton gloves when handling particularly valuable or fragile photographs.

Regularly inspect your photographs for signs of deterioration, such as fading, discoloration, mold growth, or physical damage. If you notice any problems, take steps to address them promptly. This may involve cleaning the photograph, adjusting the storage environment, or consulting with a professional conservator.

By implementing these preventative conservation measures, you can significantly extend the lifespan of your cleaned photographs and ensure they remain a treasured part of your family history for years to come.

When to Seek Professional Help: Recognizing the Limits of DIY Photo Cleaning

Cleaning your photographs can be a rewarding endeavor, a way to reconnect with the past and preserve precious memories. However, it’s crucial to recognize that not all restoration work is suitable for the amateur. In certain situations, attempting to clean a photograph yourself can do more harm than good. Knowing when to relinquish control and seek professional help is a vital part of responsible photograph stewardship.

Identifying Photographs Beyond Home Repair

The decision to involve a professional photo conservator often hinges on the extent of the damage or the inherent value – both sentimental and historical – of the photograph. Certain types of damage demand specialized knowledge and techniques that fall outside the scope of DIY cleaning.

Signs of Severe Damage: A Call for Professional Intervention

Several warning signs indicate that a photograph requires the attention of a trained conservator. These include:

• Tears and Creases: Significant tears or creases can be extremely delicate and require specialized repair techniques to prevent further damage. A conservator can use archival-quality mending materials to stabilize the tear and minimize its appearance.

• Mold or Foxing: The presence of mold or foxing (small rust-colored spots) signals biological deterioration. Attempting to remove mold yourself can spread the contamination and cause irreversible damage. A professional can safely treat the mold and prevent its recurrence.

• Chemical Stains or Discoloration: Chemical stains or severe discoloration may indicate that the photograph has undergone irreversible chemical changes. A conservator can assess the damage and, in some cases, mitigate the discoloration or stabilize the image.

• Delamination: When the emulsion layer separates from the support layer, the photograph is at serious risk. A conservator will have the specific tools and materials for safe re-adhesion.

• Extensive Damage: Overall damage from scratches, heavy staining, or environmental conditions is an indicator that professional intervention is required.

Irreplaceable Photographs: The Value of Expert Care

The sentimental and historical value of a photograph should also factor into your decision to seek professional help. If a photograph is a unique family heirloom, a historically significant image, or simply irreplaceable, the risk of DIY cleaning may outweigh the potential benefits.

Consider the long-term implications. While you might be able to improve the photograph’s appearance in the short term, improper cleaning techniques can accelerate its deterioration in the long run. Entrusting the photograph to a professional ensures that it will be treated with the utmost care and preserved for future generations. It’s always better to err on the side of caution when dealing with irreplaceable photographs.

Finding a Qualified Photo Conservator: Resources and Recommendations

Locating a qualified photo conservator is essential for ensuring that your photographs receive the best possible care. Look for conservators who specialize in photographic materials and have a proven track record of success.

The American Institute for Conservation (AIC) is a valuable resource for finding qualified conservators in your area. The AIC’s "Find a Conservator" tool allows you to search for conservators based on their specialization, location, and credentials.

When contacting potential conservators, ask about their experience with similar types of photographs and damage. Request references and examine examples of their previous work. A reputable conservator will be happy to answer your questions and provide a detailed treatment plan.

A Final Word of Caution and Respect

Cleaning photographs is a delicate balance of art and science. While some tasks are within reach for the careful amateur, recognizing the limitations of DIY is crucial. When in doubt, entrusting your valuable photographs to a qualified professional is always the most responsible course of action. By doing so, you ensure their long-term preservation and contribute to the safeguarding of our shared photographic heritage.

So, next time you’re faced with a dusty or smudged print, remember that patience and the right tools are key. With a soft brush, a microfiber cloth, and maybe a little photographic cleaning solution (if needed), you can safely clean a professional photograph and keep those precious memories looking their best for years to come. Happy cleaning!